;;; Mode: Lisp; Package: ocml

;;; The Open University

(in-package "OCML")

(in-ontology aktive-portal-ontology)


(def-class GENERIC-AGENT (temporal-thing)
  "This is a generic notion, an agent can be an organization, a person
   an animal, a software agent, etc"
  )

(def-class LEGAL-AGENT (generic-agent)
  "Some agents have legal status: definitely organizations and people,
   anybody else?")

(def-class ORGANIZATION (legal-agent)
  "An organization is a type of legal agent"
  ((has-web-address :type URL)
   (full-name :type string)
   (has-address :type postal-address) 
   (affiliated-people :type affiliated-person) 
   (organization-part-of :type organization)
   (has-sub-unit :type organization-unit)
   (headed-by :type affiliated-person)
   (has-size :cardinality 1 :type organization-size)
   ))

(def-class ORGANIZATION-SIZE (intangible-thing))


(def-instance VERY-LARGE-SIZE organization-size)

(def-instance LARGE-SIZE organization-size)

(def-instance MEDIUM-SIZE organization-size)

(def-instance SMALL-SIZE organization-size)

(def-instance MICRO-SIZE organization-size)


(def-class SMALL-OR-MEDIUM-SIZED-ORGANIZATION (organization) ?x
  "SME are important, so we define a class to represent them explicitly.
   In some case we might not know or we do not want to bother specifying 
   excatly whether something is a small-organization or a medium-organization.
   Hence, we can just say 'x is a SME' without going into further detail"
  :iff-def (and (organization ?x)
                (has-size ?x  ?size)
                (member ?size '(micro-size small-size medium-size)))
   :avoid-infinite-loop t)
                  

(def-class ORGANIZATION-UNIT (generic-agent)
  "An organization may have a number of units. Units may themselves have sub-units"
  ((has-web-address :type URL)
   (full-name :type string)
   (has-address :type postal-address) 
   (has-size :type  organization-size)
   (affiliated-people :type affiliated-person) 
   (unit-of-organization :type organization)
   (sub-unit-of-organization-unit :type organization-unit)
   (has-sub-unit :type organization-unit)
   (headed-by :type affiliated-person)))

(def-rule UNIT-OF-ORGANIZATION-IS-TRANSITIVE
  ((unit-of-organization ?u ?o)
   if
   (sub-unit-of-organization-unit ?u ?u-super)
   (unit-of-organization ?u-super ?o)))
   


(def-class NON-PROFIT-ORGANIZATION (organization))

(def-class PROFIT-ORGANIZATION (organization)
  ((subsidiary-of :type profit-organization)))

(def-class PARTNERSHIP (profit-organization)
  "A partnership is not necessarily a company, e.g. a consultancy firm is 
   not a company")

(def-class COMPANY (profit-organization))

(def-class PRIVATE-COMPANY (company))

(def-class PUBLIC-COMPANY (company))

(def-class INDUSTRIAL-ORGANIZATION (profit-organization ))

(def-class GOVERNMENT-ORGANIZATION (non-profit-organization))

(def-class CIVIL-SERVICE (GOVERNMENT-ORGANIZATION))

(def-class GOVERNMENT (GOVERNMENT-ORGANIZATION)
  ((government-of-country :type country)))


(def-class CHARITABLE-ORGANIZATION (non-profit-organization))

(def-class LEARNING-CENTRED-ORGANIZATION (organization))

(def-class R&D-INSTITUTE (learning-centred-organization ))

(def-class R&D-INSTITUTE-WITHIN-LARGER-ORGANIZATION (r&d-institute organization-unit))

(def-class EDUCATIONAL-ORGANIZATION (learning-centred-organization ))

(def-class HIGHER-EDUCATIONAL-ORGANIZATION (educational-organization)
  ((has-academic-unit :type academic-unit) 
   (has-support-unit :type academic-support-unit)))


(def-rule HAS-ACADEMIC-UNIT-IMPLIES-HAS-ORGANIZATION-UNIT
  ((has-sub-unit ?x ?y)
   if
   (has-academic-unit ?x ?y)))

(def-rule HAS-SUPPORT-UNIT-IMPLIES-HAS-ORGANIZATION-UNIT
  ((has-sub-unit ?x ?y)
   if
   (has-support-unit ?x ?y)))


(def-class UNIVERSITY (higher-educational-organization)
  ((has-faculty :type university-faculty)
   (has-vice-chancellor :type educational-employee))
  :slot-renaming ((has-vice-chancellor headed-by)))



(def-class DISTANCE-TEACHING-UNIVERSITY (university))

(def-class SCHOOL (educational-organization))


(def-class ACADEMIC-UNIT (organization-unit)
  ((unit-of-organization :type university)
   (has-size :default-value small-size 
             :documentation "By default academic units are small organizations")))

(def-class UNIVERSITY-FACULTY (academic-unit))


(def-class ACADEMIC-SUPPORT-UNIT (organization-unit))

(def-class PUBLISHING-HOUSE (organization))


(def-class LOCATION (thing)
  "A generic class for locations.  It includes both real and 
   fantastic places")

(def-class GEOGRAPHICAL-REGION (tangible-thing location)
  "'Real' geographical regions")

(def-class GEOPOLITICAL-ENTITY (Geographical-Region Generic-Agent)
  "For instance, Russia, Italy, The-city-of-Messina, etc..")

(def-class COUNTRY (Geopolitical-Entity)
  ((has-capital :type capital-city)
   (has-currency :type currency)
   (has-government :type government)))

(def-class CURRENCY (information-bearing-object)
   ((issued-by :type government)))

(def-class AMOUNT-OF-MONEY (Quantity)
  ((has-unit-of-measure :type currency)
   (has-amount :type number))
  :slot-renaming ((has-amount has-magnitude)))
  
(def-class MUNICIPAL-UNIT (geopolitical-entity))

(def-class CITY (municipal-unit))

(def-class CAPITAL-CITY (city)
  ((is-capital-of :type country)))

(def-axiom CONSISTENCY-BETWEEN-COUNTRIES-AND-CAPITAL-CITIES
  (<=> (is-capital-of ?city ?country) 
       (has-capital ?country ?city)))


(def-class VILLAGE (municipal-unit))

(def-class LOCAL-DISTRICT (geopolitical-entity))

(def-class ADDRESS (thing)
  "A generic class for addresses, whether email or postal.
   Is an address a tangible thing or an intangible thing?")


(def-class POSTAL-ADDRESS (address)
 ((address-street :type string)
   (address-area :type local-district)
   (address-number :type integer)
   (address-building :type string)
   (address-city-or-village :type municipal-unit)
   (address-postcode :type string)
   (address-region :type geographical-region)
   (address-country :type country)))

(def-class EMAIL-ADDRESS (string address) ?x
 :sufficient-for-type-checking (string ?x))


(def-class PERSON (legal-agent)
  ((full-name :type string)
   (Family-Name :type string)
   (Given-Name :type string)
   (has-gender :type gender)
   (has-telephone-number :type string)
   (has-postal-address :type postal-address)
   (has-web-address :type URL)
   (has-email-address :type email-address)
   (has-appellation :type appellation)))


(def-class APPELLATION (Intangible-thing))

(def-instance DR appellation)

(def-instance MR appellation)

(def-instance MS appellation)

(def-instance MISS appellation)

(def-instance PROF appellation)

(def-instance MRS appellation)

(def-instance SIR appellation)

(def-instance LADY appellation)


(def-class GENDER (Intangible-thing) ?x
  "HPKB says that genders are intangible..Uhm..."
  :iff-def (element-of  ?x (set-of male-gender female-gender)))

(def-instance MALE-GENDER gender)

(def-instance FEMALE-GENDER gender)


(def-class AFFILIATED-PERSON (person)
  ((has-affiliation-to-unit :type organization-unit)
   (has-affiliation :type organization :min-cardinality 1)))

(def-class WORKING-PERSON (person)
  ((has-work-status :type work-status)))


(def-class WORK-STATUS (Intangible-thing))

(def-instance FULL-TIME work-status)

(def-instance PART-TIME  work-status)


(def-class SELF-EMPLOYED-PERSON (working-person))


(def-class EMPLOYEE (affiliated-person working-person) ?x
  ((works-for :type organization)
   (works-in-unit :type organization-unit)
   (has-job-title :type string)
   )
  :slot-renaming ((works-for has-affiliation))
  :constraint (forall (?u ?o)
                      (=> (and  (works-in-unit ?x ?u)
                                (works-for ?x ?o))
                          (unit-of-organization ?u ?o))))
                        


(def-class EDUCATIONAL-EMPLOYEE (employee) ?x
  ((works-for :min-cardinality 1 :type educational-organization))
  :iff-def (and  (works-for ?x ?y)
                 (educational-organization ?y))
  
  :no-proofs-by (:iff-def)) ;;to avoid endless loops with the renaming in 
                            ;;the definition of Employee
                 
(def-class STUDENT (affiliated-person)
  ((has-affiliation :type educational-organization :min-cardinality 1)))

(def-class ACADEMIC (educational-employee)
  ((works-for :type higher-educational-organization)
   (has-research-interest :type research-area)))

(def-class RESEARCHER (working-person)
  ((has-research-interest :type research-area)))

(def-class RESEARCHER-IN-ACADEMIA (academic researcher))

(def-class RESEARCH-FELLOW-IN-ACADEMIA  (researcher-in-academia))

(def-class SENIOR-RESEARCH-FELLOW-IN-ACADEMIA  (researcher-in-academia))

(def-class RESEARCH-ASSISTANT-IN-ACADEMIA  (researcher-in-academia))

(def-class LECTURER-IN-ACADEMIA  (academic))

(def-class SENIOR-LECTURER-IN-ACADEMIA  (academic))

(def-class PROFESSOR-IN-ACADEMIA  (academic))

(def-class READER-IN-ACADEMIA  (academic))

;;;Some sample instances below.....

(def-instance THE-OPEN-UNIVERSITY distance-teaching-university
  ((has-web-address "http://www.open.ac.uk")
   (has-sub-unit knowledge-media-institute)
   (has-size large-size)))

(def-instance UNIVERSITY-OF-SOUTHAMPTON university
  ((has-web-address "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk")
   (has-academic-unit dept-of-electronics-and-computer-science-at-southampton)
   (has-size large-size)))

(def-instance UNIVERSITY-OF-EDINBURGH university
  ((has-size large-size)
   (has-web-address "http://www.ed.ac.uk/")
   (has-academic-unit division-of-informatics-at-edinburgh)))

(def-instance UNIVERSITY-OF-SHEFFIELD university
  ((has-web-address "http://www.shef.ac.uk")
   (has-academic-unit dept-of-computer-science-at-sheffield)
   (has-size large-size)))

(def-instance UNIVERSITY-OF-ABERDEEN university
  ((has-size large-size)
   (has-web-address "http://www.abdn.ac.uk/")
   (has-academic-unit dept-of-computing-science-at-aberdeen)))

(def-instance EPSRC non-profit-organization
  ((has-size small-size)))


(def-instance DEPT-OF-COMPUTING-SCIENCE-AT-ABERDEEN academic-unit
  ((has-web-address "http://www.csd.abdn.ac.uk/")
   (unit-of-organization  university-of-aberdeen)))

(def-instance DEPT-OF-COMPUTER-SCIENCE-AT-SHEFFIELD academic-unit
  ((has-web-address "http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk")
   (unit-of-organization university-of-sheffield)))
  
(def-instance KNOWLEDGE-MEDIA-INSTITUTE  r&d-institute-within-larger-organization
  ((has-web-address "http://kmi.open.ac.uk")
   (has-size small-size)
   (unit-of-organization the-open-university)))

(def-instance FACULTY-OF-SCIENCE-AND-ENGINEERING-AT-EDINBURGH university-faculty
  ((unit-of-organization university-of-edinburgh)))

(def-instance DIVISION-OF-INFORMATICS-AT-EDINBURGH academic-unit
  ((has-web-address "http://www.informatics.ed.ac.uk/")
   (sub-unit-of-organization-unit faculty-of-science-and-engineering-at-edinburgh)
   (unit-of-organization university-of-edinburgh)))

(def-instance DEPT-OF-ELECTRONICS-AND-COMPUTER-SCIENCE-AT-SOUTHAMPTON academic-unit
  ((unit-of-organization university-of-southampton)))
  

(def-instance JOHN-DOMINGUE senior-research-fellow-in-academia 
  ((has-research-interest e-commerce-research-area
                          software-visualization
                          knowledge-management
                          organizational-learning)
   (works-for the-open-university)
   (works-in-unit knowledge-media-institute)
   (has-job-title "Deputy Director, Knowledge Media Institute")
   (has-work-status full-time)
   (has-appellation dr)
   (has-email-address "j.b.domingue@open.ac.uk")
   (has-web-address "http://kmi.open.ac.uk/people/john")
   (has-gender  male-gender)
   (full-name "john domingue")))

(def-instance NIGEL-SHADBOLT professor-in-academia
  "What does 'R.' stand for in 'Nigel R. Shadbolt'?"
  ((has-research-interest knowledge-acquisition
                          knowledge-management)
   (works-for University-of-southampton)
   (works-in-unit dept-of-electronics-and-computer-science-at-southampton)
   (has-job-title "Professor of Knowledge Something")
   (has-work-status full-time)
   (has-appellation prof)
   (has-email-address "nrs@ecs.soton.ac.uk")
   (has-web-address "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~nrs/")
   (has-gender  male-gender)
   (full-name "Nigel Rodriguez Shadbolt")))