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| support-v2.1/foundations.lisp | support-v2.2/foundations.lisp | ||||
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80 lines 3300 bytes Last modified : Wed Jun 29 13:32:25 2005 |
80 lines 3300 bytes Last modified : Wed Jun 29 13:33:51 2005 |
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| 1 | ;;; Mode: Lisp; Package: ocml | 1 | ;;; Mode: Lisp; Package: ocml | ||
| 2 | 2 | ||||
| 3 | ;;; The Open University | 3 | ;;; The Open University | ||
| 4 | 4 | ||||
| 5 | (in-package "OCML") | 5 | (in-package "OCML") | ||
| 6 | 6 | ||||
| 7 | (in-ontology akt-support-ontology) | 7 | (in-ontology akt-support-ontology) | ||
| 8 | 8 | ||||
| 9 | ;;;A very simple top-level. We define something called THING, which | 9 | ;;;A very simple top-level. We define something called THING, which | ||
| 10 | ;;;is the top-level concept in the ontology. We then distinguish two basic | 10 | ;;;is the top-level concept in the ontology. We then distinguish two basic | ||
| 11 | ;;;types of 'things': TANGIBLE-THING, something that has some physicality, | 11 | ;;;types of 'things': TANGIBLE-THING, something that has some physicality, | ||
| 12 | ;;;and INTANGIBLE-THING, something which has not. We use a very open definition | 12 | ;;;and INTANGIBLE-THING, something which has not. We use a very open definition | ||
| 13 | ;;;of being tangible: obviusly a physical object is tangible, but also a sub-atomic | 13 | ;;;of being tangible: obviusly a physical object is tangible, but also a sub-atomic | ||
| 14 | ;;;particle is tangible, even if some of them are very tricky (you do not see them) | 14 | ;;;particle is tangible, even if some of them are very tricky (you do not see them) | ||
| 15 | ;;;you only see the trace they leave behind. Also a piece of software will be | 15 | ;;;you only see the trace they leave behind. Also a piece of software will be | ||
| 16 | ;;;considered a tangible thing, it is something that you can see on a floppy disk. | 16 | ;;;considered a tangible thing, it is something that you can see on a floppy disk. | ||
| 17 | ;;;In contrast an algorithm will be an intangible, although the file that contains | 17 | ;;;In contrast an algorithm will be an intangible, although the file that contains | ||
| 18 | ;;;its implementation will be a tangible thing. | 18 | ;;;its implementation will be a tangible thing. | ||
| 19 | 19 | ||||
| 20 | ;;;This is a stop-gap top level. Over the course of teh project we may want to extend this | 20 | ;;;This is a stop-gap top level. Over the course of teh project we may want to extend this | ||
| 21 | ;;;and link to existing top levels (SUO, HPKB, CYC, Sowa, Guarino, etc.) | 21 | ;;;and link to existing top levels (SUO, HPKB, CYC, Sowa, Guarino, etc.) | ||
| 22 | 22 | ||||
| 23 | 23 | ||||
| 24 | (def-class THING () | 24 | (def-class THING () | ||
| 25 | "This is the top-level concept in the AKT reference ontology" | 25 | "This is the top-level concept in the AKT reference ontology" | ||
| 26 | ((has-pretty-name :type string | 26 | ((has-pretty-name :type string | ||
| 27 | :max-cardinality 1 | 27 | :max-cardinality 1 | ||
| 28 | :documentation "A human readable name") | 28 | :documentation "A human readable name") | ||
| 29 | (has-variant-name :type string | 29 | (has-variant-name :type string | ||
| 30 | :documentation "Other variants of the human readable name"))) | 30 | :documentation "Other variants of the human readable name"))) | ||
| 31 | 31 | ||||
| 32 | 32 | ||||
| 33 | (def-class INTANGIBLE-THING (thing) | 33 | (def-class INTANGIBLE-THING (thing) | ||
| 34 | "This comes from HPKB upper level. | 34 | "This comes from HPKB upper level. | ||
| 35 | The collection of things that are not physical -- are not made | 35 | The collection of things that are not physical -- are not made | ||
| 36 | of, or encoded in, matter. Every Collection is an Intangible (even if its | 36 | of, or encoded in, matter. Every Collection is an Intangible (even if its | ||
| 37 | instances are tangible), and so are some Individuals. | 37 | instances are tangible), and so are some Individuals. | ||
| 38 | Caution: do not confuse `tangibility' with `perceivability' -- humans can perceive | 38 | Caution: do not confuse `tangibility' with `perceivability' -- humans can perceive | ||
| 39 | light even though it's intangible--at least in a sense.") | 39 | light even though it's intangible--at least in a sense.") | ||
| 40 | 40 | ||||
| 41 | (def-class TEMPORAL-THING (thing) | 41 | (def-class TEMPORAL-THING (thing) | ||
| 42 | "Like in Cyc, this is something which has a temporal extent." | 42 | "Like in Cyc, this is something which has a temporal extent." | ||
| 43 | ((has-time-interval :type time-interval))) | 43 | ((has-time-interval :type time-interval))) | ||
| 44 | 44 | ||||
| 45 | (def-class TANGIBLE-THING (temporal-thing) | 45 | (def-class TANGIBLE-THING (temporal-thing) | ||
| 46 | "Something which is not intangible, something which is physical, made of matter. | 46 | "Something which is not intangible, something which is physical, made of matter. | ||
| 47 | It does not matter whether things are real of imaginary. Therefore we consider | 47 | It does not matter whether things are real of imaginary. Therefore we consider | ||
| 48 | Mickey Mouse's car and a hippogriff as tangible things") | 48 | Mickey Mouse's car and a hippogriff as tangible things") | ||
| 49 | 49 | ||||
| 50 | (def-axiom TANGIBLE-AND-INTANGIBLE-THINGS-ARE-DISJOINT | 50 | (def-axiom TANGIBLE-AND-INTANGIBLE-THINGS-ARE-DISJOINT | ||
| 51 | (subclass-partition thing (set-of Tangible-Thing Intangible-thing))) | 51 | (subclass-partition thing (set-of Tangible-Thing Intangible-thing))) | ||
| 52 | 52 | ||||
| 53 | (def-class INDIVIDUAL (Thing) ?x | 53 | (def-class INDIVIDUAL (Thing) ?x | ||
| 54 | "Something which is not a set." | 54 | "Something which is not a set." | ||
| 55 | :iff-def (not (set ?x)) | 55 | :iff-def (not (set ?x)) | ||
| 56 | 56 | ||||
| 57 | ;;;the definitions below are effective ways to prove whether | 57 | ;;;the definitions below are effective ways to prove whether | ||
| 58 | ;;;somebody is an individual in OCML | 58 | ;;;somebody is an individual in OCML | ||
| 59 | :prove-by (or | 59 | :prove-by (or | ||
| 60 | (and (variable-bound ?x) | 60 | (and (variable-bound ?x) | ||
| 61 | (not (set ?x))) | 61 | (not (set ?x))) | ||
| 62 | (= ?x nil)) | 62 | (= ?x nil)) | ||
| 63 | :no-proofs-by (:iff-def)) | 63 | :no-proofs-by (:iff-def)) | ||
| 64 | 64 | ||||
| 65 | (def-class QUANTITY (Individual Intangible-thing) | 65 | (def-class QUANTITY (Individual Intangible-thing) | ||
| 66 | "From SUO: Any specification of how many or how much of something there is. | 66 | "From SUO: Any specification of how many or how much of something there is. | ||
| 67 | Accordingly, there are two subclasses of Quantity: Number (how many) | 67 | Accordingly, there are two subclasses of Quantity: Number (how many) | ||
| 68 | and Physical-Quantity (how much).") | 68 | and Physical-Quantity (how much).") | ||
| 69 | 69 | ||||
| 70 | (def-class PHYSICAL-QUANTITY (quantity) | 70 | (def-class PHYSICAL-QUANTITY (quantity) | ||
| 71 | "SUO: Physical Quantities are distinguished from Numbers by the | 71 | "SUO: Physical Quantities are distinguished from Numbers by the | ||
| 72 | fact that the former are associated with a dimension of measurement." | 72 | fact that the former are associated with a dimension of measurement." | ||
| 73 | ((has-unit-of-measure :type unit-of-measure) | 73 | ((has-unit-of-measure :type unit-of-measure) | ||
| 74 | (has-magnitude :type number))) | 74 | (has-magnitude :type number))) | ||
| 75 | 75 | ||||
| 76 | 76 | ||||
| 77 | (def-class UNIT-OF-MEASURE (Intangible-thing) | 77 | (def-class UNIT-OF-MEASURE (Intangible-thing) | ||
| 78 | "Any kind of unit of measure, metre, dollar, kilogram, etc..") | 78 | "Any kind of unit of measure, metre, dollar, kilogram, etc..") | ||
| 79 | 79 | ||||
| 80 | 80 |